JavaScript has a variety of mathematical functions and operators. The basic set is listed below. For more advance functions, see MDN's list.
NOTE : The
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// Addition
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// Number + Number -> addition
1 + 2 // 3
// Boolean + Number -> addition
true + 1 // 2
// Boolean + Boolean -> addition
false + false // 0
// Number + String -> concatenation
5 + 'foo' // "5foo"
// String + Boolean -> concatenation
'foo' + false // "foofalse"
// String + String -> concatenation
'foo' + 'bar' // "foobar"
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// Subtraction
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5 - 3 // 2
3 - 5 // -2
'foo' - 3 // NaN
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// Multipication
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2 * 2 // 4
-2 * 2 // -4
Infinity * 0 // NaN
Infinity * Infinity // Infinity
'foo' * 2 // NaN
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// Division
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1 / 2 // returns 0.5 in JavaScript
1 / 2 // returns 0 in Java
// (neither number is explicitly a floating point number)
1.0 / 2.0 // returns 0.5 in both JavaScript and Java
2.0 / 0 // returns Infinity in JavaScript
2.0 / 0.0 // returns Infinity too
2.0 / -0.0 // returns -Infinity in JavaScript
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// Remainder
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12 % 5 // 2
-1 % 2 // -1
1 % -2 // 1
NaN % 2 // NaN
1 % 2 // 1
2 % 3 // 2
-4 % 2 // -0
5.5 % 2 // 1.5
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// Exponents
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2 ** 3 // 8
3 ** 2 // 9
3 ** 2.5 // 15.588457268119896
10 ** -1 // 0.1
NaN ** 2 // NaN
2 ** 3 ** 2 // 512
2 ** (3 ** 2) // 512
(2 ** 3) ** 2 // 64
// To invert the sign of the result of an exponentiation expression:
-(2 ** 2) // -4
// To force the base of an exponentiation expression to be a negative number:
(-2) ** 2 // 4
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// Increment
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// Postfix
var x = 3;
y = x++; // y = 3, x = 4
// Prefix
var a = 2;
b = ++a; // a = 3, b = 3
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// Decrement
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// Postfix
var x = 3;
y = x--; // y = 3, x = 2
// Prefix
var a = 2;
b = --a; // a = 1, b = 1
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//Unary Negation(-)
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var x = 3;
y = -x; // y = -3, x = 3
// Unary negation operator can convert non-numbers into a number
var x = "4";
y = -x; // y = -4
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//Unary Plus(+)
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+3 // 3
+'3' // 3
+true // 1
+false // 0
+null // 0
+function(val){ return val } // NaN
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// Built-In
// Functions
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// PI
Math.PI // 3.141592653589793
// The square root of a number
Math.sqrt(9) // 3
// Exponents
Math.pow(2,4) // 16
// Floor - This always rounds downto a whole number or integer
Math.floor(3.8) // Use whole number w/no rounding: 3
// Ceiling - This always rounds up to a whole number or integer
Math.ceil(3.8) - Use next higher whole number: 4
// Rounding
Math.round(3.2) // Use next lower whole number: 3
Math.round(3.8) // Use next higher whole number: 4